2018台中花博外埔園區核心理念是綠色生產,大藏在這裡設計了一座竹建築,花博期間作為販賣輕食餐點使用。基地東北邊面向活動廣場,西邊銜接停車場與廁所等服務性設施,南邊則是提供遊客休息用餐的戶外廣場。為了使遊客可以自由地穿梭園區,我們設計一個自由開放的平面,迎接來自園區各處的遊客駐足遮蔭。
選擇在地材料「竹」
台灣先民蓋屋大多選擇就地取材,一般民居常以竹子、茅草、石頭、土為主要建材,例如符合風土民情的「竹管厝」,冬暖夏涼且耐震。如今,卻被方便快速的鋼筋水泥及其他現代化材料所取代,竹子早與現代人的生活漸行漸遠。
近幾年,大藏致力研究竹構築,一方面延續在地的構築文化,另一方面透過現代化的技術,希望改善傳統「竹管厝」需要投入大量傳統技藝且耗費人力的限制,設計出可以標準化、系統化、快速搭建的構架系統。
構造與形式
設計造型上採用並排三座竹棚,呼應周圍淺山地景。竹子強韌的縱向纖維以及中空有節的特性,非常適合成為只承受軸力的桁架系統,我們設計一款簡單的竹桁架,主要是以孟宗竹組構而成。屋頂使用透明PC浪板,浪板下大部分為杉木模板提供大面積的遮蔭;桁架交接處的屋面在透明PC浪板下固定竹編天花,創造樹蔭般的織理,虛實天花板交錯配置,營造光影交輝的趣味。
三座竹桁架的交接處結合天溝將雨水引導至兩端的卵石堆,創造竹與石自然材料的交流。竹構築的基礎也不使用混凝土,採用來自台中大甲的溪石做為基石,呼應自然的竹建築,與土地更為貼近。
Green Production is the theme of the 2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition at the Waipu Park Area. D.Z. Architects & Associates (DZAA) designed a bamboo pavilion used as a dining area during the Exposition. The pavilion is surrounded by many important facilities, the Activity Square in the northeast, the parking lot and the public toilets in the west, and the open rest areas in the south. To allow easy and free access, we decided to open up the pavilion to all directions.
Choosing “bamboo”- the local material
Traditional Taiwanese houses were built with local natural materials. Materials such as bamboo, thatch, stone, and soil were often used. These houses adapted well to climate, seasons, and even to earthquakes. The Bamboo Tube House is a good example of such usage of material. These wonderful natural building materials were replaced by “efficient” “modernized” ones, such as reinforces concrete. In the past decade, DZAA has devoted much energy in advancing bamboo as a viable building material, learning from traditional methods and applying them to modern construction methods. The biggest hurdle to overcome in the building of traditional Bamboo Tube House is the high labor cost. We believe that standardized, systematic, and prefabricated truss system is the solution.
Structure and form
The three gabled bamboo roofs are the most memorable form of the pavilion. It is an image symbolizing the surrounding mountains. Bamboo has a tubular body construction with joints as reinforcement and very dense fibrous structure. These features make bamboo an ideal structural member for a truss system, as truss members bear only axial force. We used indigenous Moso bamboo. The roof consists of a top layer of polycarbonate corrugated board with fir sheets underlining. Natural light enters the bamboo-strip-woven ceiling in the boundary of the gable roofs. The light quality of the pavilion is like walking under tree shades in a delightful afternoon.
Rainwater falling on the rooftop eventually drains to pebble piles on two sides. The basement of the pavilion is constructed using creek stone from the local Taichung Dajia quarry instead of reinforced concrete. This choice of material makes our pavilion even more eco-friendly and close to nature.