「建築,是用結構來表達思想的科學性藝術。」(Frank Lloyd Wright, from the Architectural Forum, May 1930)
「一個好的建物不會破壞景觀,而是因為它的建造使景觀更優美。」(Frank Lloyd Wright)
博物館之橋是一座聯結人與自然、科學與藝術的思辨之橋。運用當代的結構用集成材與鋼結構設計,精巧的呈現了構造、力學與材料之美。利用橋身彎曲的造型與橋樑的桁架系統,有效穩定了橋樑的主體,並減少原先較繁複的懸吊點設計;木構造設計則減輕了橋的整體重量,對於建築物的整體耐震更為安全。
設計的演化
一、初步設計方案
此方案是用鋼板構成樑深約一米的箱型斷面結構,並且用鋼索懸掛在屋頂原有的桁架上。這種箱型斷面是一種常用結構形式,例如一般的人行陸橋。
二、集成材龍骨樑設計方案
此方案中結構材的配置分為兩種類型:龍骨(Keel)和肋骨(Rib),透過可拆除的橋面板或透明的橋面板,可以直接觀察類似蛇類骨架的結構設計,此階段也進一步思考運用結構用集成材的可行性,以推廣更為永續的建築材料。
三、C形吊點設計方案
此方案主要策略是將鋼索懸掛點改成C形箱形鋼管,除了可以解決行走範圍和鋼索互相干擾的問題,也同時縮短有效跨度,解決橋樑本體扭曲或振動方面的結構問題。
四、鋼木立體桁架設計方案
橋樑的主要結構由鋼材和木結構用集成材構成連續立體的三角形,形成立體桁架結構,可減少一半的懸掛鋼索數量,同時展現桁架結構的力學之美。
五、最終設計方案
延續上個方案的立體桁架結構,將扶手的設計也修改為桁架系統的一部分,加上橋樑整體曲線造型,有助增強橋樑對抗扭曲變形的能力,使橋樑成為更穩定的剛性結構,並可有效減少懸吊鋼索的運用。
“Architecture is the scientific art of making structure express ideas.”
- Frank Lloyd Wright, from the Architectural Forum, May 1930
“The good building is not one that hurts the landscape, but one which makes the landscape more beautiful than it was before the building was built.”
- Frank Lloyd Wright
The Museum Bridge is a bridge of contemplation that connects people to nature and science to art. Using contemporary structural systems of glued laminated wood (glulam) and steel, the bridge delicately exhibits the elegance of structure, mechanics, and materials. The curved shape and the truss system effectively stabilize the main structural body and significantly reduce the complexity of the original suspension-point design. The wood construction reduces the general weight of the bridge and is safer in terms of its overall shock resistance capacity.
Design Evolution
Preliminary design scheme
This scheme uses steel plates to form a box-section girder about one meter in height. The bridge is hung on the existing roof trusses by steel cables. This box-section design is commonly used for structures in pedestrian bridges.
Glulam keel beam design scheme
The structural material configuration of this scheme is divided into two types: Keel and Rib. The detachable or transparent bridge deck allows visitors to directly observe the structural design of the snake-like skeleton. At this phase, the use of glulam is also considered as a more sustainable building material.
C-shaped hanging point design scheme
The main strategy of this scheme is to change the suspension points of the cables into C/box-shaped steel pipes. In addition to solving the walking-range cable interference problem, this design also shortens the effective span while resolving the structural problems of deformation or vibration.
Steel-wood composite space-truss design scheme
The main structure of the bridge is a composite of continuous 3D triangular steel-glulam. The composite space-truss structure can reduce the amount of steel suspension cables and showcase the mechanical elegance of the bridge.
Final design scheme
This is an extension of the previous composite space-truss scheme whereby the design of the armrest is modified as part of the truss system. The overall curved shape of the bridge increases its ability to resist distortion, enhances stability and rigidity, and effectively reduces the amount of steel suspension cables.